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The South-East is connected to the South-West through a single line from Osogbo to Benin and then one double circuit line from Ikeja West to Benin.
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The Northern and South-west are connected through one double circuit between Jebba TS and Oshogbo. The thermal generating stations are mainly located in the Southern part of the country like Okpai, Afam, Sapele, Delta (Ughelli), Egbin, Olorunshogo and Omotosho, while the hydro generating stations are located mainly in the Middle Belt/Northern part of the country like Kainji, Shiroro and Jebba 4.The Nigeria 330-kV grid network can be grouped into three (3) sections: North, South-east and South-west sections. The single line diagram (Figure 1) of the Nigeria 330kV network consist of eleven (11) generating stations comprising of three (3) hydro and eight (8) thermal, twenty one (21) load stations and thirty six (36) transmission lines with a total installed capacity of 6500MW. Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) has the statutory function of generation, transmission, distribution and marketing of electricity in Nigeria. The Nigeria grid network consist of few generating stations like many other developing countries and his located mostly in remote areas near the raw materials required for generation. The increasing demand for electricity in Nigeria like many other developing countries, is extremely greater than what is been generated, which results to the transmission network being heavily loaded and stressed beyond permissible limits. The system is usually assumed to be operating under a balance condition such that the analysis can be carried out using a balanced single-phase representation 3. It is also useful for obtaining the system behavior during operation in order to predict the loading conditions of transmission lines and equipment’s within the system. Load flow analysis usually finds its application during power network design and planning. In load flow study, the main objective is to determine the complex bus voltages, and real and reactive power injected into the transmission system as well as real and reactive power at the slack bus with other parameters being specified. This problem is more amplified in relatively weak networks having high resistance to reactance ratios 1, 2. This study classifies buses whose voltages are extremely below statutory limit of ±5% (346.6kV to 313.5kV as a result of reactive power shortage as “weak buses”. Other challenges include fragile transmission lines, inability of transmission lines to transport more than 400MW of power, radial network and high losses 1. One of the main challenges combating this network is the fact that most Northern parts of the system usually experience poor voltage profile as a result of shortage of reactive power support. The Nigerian power system network, like any other networks elsewhere is made up of the large interconnected network that spans across the country nationwide. Power is usually generated at specific locations far from load centers before it is delivered to consumers through transmission and distribution systems. Since Electrical Energy is the pivotal upon which a country’s development is anchored, hence, the ever-increasing demand of electric power. It is therefore inferred from the results obtained that the existing Nigerian 330-kV grid network is fraught with high line losses that require compensation using reactive power supports such as Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices, for effective line utilization. The total active power loss is 268.622MW and that of reactive power loss is 2247.42Mvar. The results obtained shows that some of the bus voltages lie outside the prescribed limit of 0.95-1.05 pu (313.5 – 346.5kV).
#Power world simulator transmission line flow software
MATLAB/SIMULINK software was used to carry out the simulations. The data used for the study is obtained from Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN). Newton-Raphson iteration technique was used to carry out the analysis because of its fast convergence nature as compared to other iterative techniques. This paper considered the load-flow study of the Nigerian 330-kV consisting of 32 buses, 11 generating stations and 36 transmission lines. The Nigerian 330kV grid network is characterized with major problems like voltage instability (voltage profile violation), long transmission lines, nature of transmission lines and high power losses which affect power generation and distribution systems.